基于多能互补的光伏木耳大棚智慧控制系统设计

【目的】针对光伏木耳大棚的智能化管理和现代设施农业资源高效利用问题,设计光伏农业大棚供能系统和改造传统大棚控制方式。【方法】设计一种以光伏发电为主的光、水、热、储微能源网络和物联网智慧控制系统,建立数学模型分析能源需求和供应,同时利用控制系统为木耳生产、管理提供远程客户端服务。【结果】微能源网络系统中,光伏发电量为13 654 (kW·h)/a,占年总发电量的92%,直接用于需求侧负荷;水轮机发电量为1 108 (kW·h)/a,占年总发电量的8%,用于无光环境下的系统补能;盈余电能为5 109 (kW·h)/a,占年总发电量的34.6%,用于相变储热和蓄电池储能,或者送入配电网。控制系统采集点温度正常值设置为20～25℃,预警值设置为15～32℃,采集点空气相对湿度正常值设置为90%～95%,预警值设置为80%～98%,测试过程中通风系统、供热装置和报警系统正常工作。【结论】通过不同状态下微能源网络系统的功率调配,能够提高光伏大棚能源利用率,同时自动调控大棚环境参数,满足了木耳大棚远程遥控和预警要求。     

应用酵母双杂交方法筛选与猪瘟病毒Npro蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白

为研究猪瘟病毒(CSFV)与宿主细胞间的相互作用,本研究采用酵母双杂交方法以猪瘟病毒Npro蛋白为诱饵,从猪外周血单个核细胞(PBMC) cDNA表达文库中筛选与之相互作用的蛋白,经共转化试验表明,共筛选到12个与Npro蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白,应用Cytoscape 2.8.2软件绘制了蛋白质间相互作用关系图,根据GO分析结果,这些蛋白分别参与细胞代谢、细胞生长、免疫等过程,经双分子荧光互补(BiFC)试验表明筛得的部分宿主蛋白与CSFV Npro具有相互作用.本研究中筛选得到的蛋白质对CSFV复制的影响有待进一步深入研究.     

Distribution and Origin of Hybrid Necrosis Genes in German Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

Hybrid necrosis in Triticum is known to be caused by the interaction of two complementary dominant genes. In the present paper, the genotypes for hybrid necrosis of 64 winter wheat cultivars are presented. 41 cultivars were found to possess the Ne₂ necrosis gene, whereas 23 cultivars were non-carriers. The Ne₁ gene was not found in any of the cultivars analyzed.     

Sex and seasonal differences in the spatial terrestrial distribution of gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) populations

Fragmentation of terrestrial landscapes has exacerbated the need to understand the spatial requirements of organisms, especially those that undergo seasonal migrations, such as pond-breeding amphibians. Pond-breeding amphibians spend much of their lives in terrestrial habitat at some distance from aquatic breeding sites. The terrestrial habitat required by a particular individual encompasses the area adjacent to a breeding pond that is used for activities such as foraging or overwintering, as well as the expanses of habitat through which it moves. To elucidate amphibian spatial habitat requirements, we monitored gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) movements through terrestrial habitat adjacent to breeding ponds using radiotelemetry and mark–recapture along transects of artificial refugia. Results indicate that gray treefrogs frequently make migrations between foraging grounds, overwintering sites, and breeding ponds of 200 m or more, with a maximum-recorded movement distance of 330 m. Additionally, females travel farther than males for reasons independent of body size, and the distribution of males during the breeding season is biased towards breeding ponds relative to the non-breeding season. The data illustrate the importance of habitat directly adjacent to breeding sites for males, and indicate that habitat loss resulting in small patches may have a greater negative impact on females than males, and consequently may have disproportionately large effects on population persistence. These results emphasize that effective management of amphibian breeding locations via protection of both aquatic and adjacent upland terrestrial resources likely requires detailed information regarding variation in movements between the sexes and among seasonal activity periods.     

Multi-scale effect of landscape processes and habitat quality on newt abundance: Implications for conservation

Recent studies in population dynamics suggest that landscape processes and habitat quality act at different scales on population abundances, but very few have modelled their simultaneous effects. However, at a time of large declines in natural populations, it is essential to understand such multivariate components. We tested the hypothesis that natural populations of palmate newts (Triturus helveticus) are affected on three scales: breeding patch (pond), habitat complementation (terrestrial cover), and metapopulation structure (density of ponds, surrounding populations). We conducted our survey in 130 ponds from southern France (Larzac) and analysed data with generalized additive models (GAM). Two main novel results emerge from these models: (1) the three landscape scales have significant effects on newt abundance, with more newts in deep, vegetated ponds, devoid of fish and surrounded by wooded areas and inhabited ponds; (2) the quality of the surrounding breeding patches is of primary importance in determining the abundance at core sites in a complex way: high abundances are associated positively with high densities of inhabited ponds, but negatively with the number of surrounding ponds. Deforestation, invasive species and abandonment of ponds all have negative impacts on the persistence of palmate newt populations. Future studies should encompass landscapes at different scales and incorporate the habitat quality in surrounding sites to better understand population dynamics and provide adequate conservation measures.     

Frankia共生固氮基因的分离与克隆

利用ＤＮＡ－ＤＮＡ杂交方法，分离细枝木麻黄的Ｆｒａｎｋｉａ菌株Ｃｏ０１的ｎｉｆ克隆ｐＣｃ１ＧＸ，赤杨内生菌株Ａｔ４的ｎｉｆ克隆ｐＡｔ１ＧＸ及沙棘的ＦｒａｎｋｉａＨｒ１８的ｎｉｆ克隆ｐＨｒ１８ＧＸ、ｐＨｒ１１－③ＧＸ。用基因功能互补法，从Ｆｒａｎｋｉａ菌株Ａｔ４的基因文库中分离到二个可能可互补豌豆根瘤菌ｎｏｄ基因功能的克隆ｐＡｔ２ＧＸ、ｐＡｔ３ＧＸ，并制作了ｐＡｔ２ＧＸ、ｐＡｔ３ＧＸ的亚克隆，予进一步实验，获得充分的证据证明ｐＡｔ２ＧＸ、ｐＡｔ３ＧＸ是否带有Ｆｒａｎｋｉａ菌株Ａｔ４的ｎｏｄ基因．     

Bird assemblages in forest fragments within Mediterranean mosaics created by wild fires

The role of habitat heterogeneity as a key factor in determining species pools in habitat mosaics has been acknowledged, but we still know little on the relative importance of the different ecological processes acting within such complex landscapes. We compared species richness and distribution in forest fragments imbedded in shrub-lands to those in continuous forests or in continuous shrublands. We examined the consistency of our data with the predictions of two hypotheses: 1) the Habitat fragmentation hypothesis which states that fragmentation has negative effects on the species from the original continuous habitat; 2) the Habitat supplementation /complementation hypothesis which stipulates that the presence of a matrix habitat around the fragments will mitigate negative effects on the species from the original habitat (supplementation) or allow the presence of species that depend on the presence of both the fragment and matrix habitats (complementation). We show that: 1) species richness in forest fragments did not differ from species richness in segments of continuous forests of equal area; 2) the bird community of forest fragments got impoverished in some forest species but a higher proportion of species common in continuous forests were not affected by fragmentation; 3) fragment communities had a significant proportion of common species that were scarce in, or absent from both continuous forests and shrublands. While, a few forest species supported predictions from the fragmentation hypothesis, occurrence patterns observed in several other species were consistent with either the supplementation or the complementation hypotheses. Our results suggest that there is no single hypothesis that properly captures the consequences of a shift from continuous forests to a mosaic of forest fragments and shrublands and that different ecological mechanisms act in conjunction to determine species pools in habitat mosaics. Habitat heterogeneity at a local scale appears a key factor in maintaining bird diversity in fire driven Mediterranean landscapes.     

利用天敌昆虫治理豚草的研究进展

豚草Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.起源于北美洲,一年生草本植物,靠种子繁殖。豚草在入侵地逃离了天敌等生物因子的制约,种群得以快速发展,并暴发成灾,对人类健康、农牧业生产、生态环境等均造成严重的影响。从20世纪60年代开始,许多国家从原产地寻找天敌,开始豚草生物防治。我国从20世纪80年代,先后从国外引进了5种植食性昆虫,对其生物学、生态学特性及其应用等开展了研究,最终确认豚草条纹叶甲和豚草卷蛾是2种具有应用前景的天敌昆虫。这两种天敌昆虫在野外释放后,仅有豚草卷蛾能在野外成功建立种群,一定程度上延缓了豚草种群的蔓延。随后,2001年,在南京市郊的豚草上发现一种来自北美的广聚萤叶甲,经过寄主专一性测定后,发现其具有严格的寄主专一性。同时,这种叶甲气候适应能力、繁殖力和对豚草控制潜力均较强。在中国,广聚萤叶甲和豚草卷蛾生态位互补的生物防治技术已被提出,并在南方各省市大面积推广应用,取了非常理想的控制效果。然而,广聚萤叶甲尚未能在北方建立种群,这给北方豚草的生物防治带来了许多困难。因此,通过野外创造有利于广聚萤叶甲成虫越冬的人工保护生境,或通过人工冷驯化和筛选获取高产耐寒种群,将有助于这些问题的解决。     

基于改进杂交粒子群算法的农村微能网多能流优化调度

西部农村地区电网薄弱,光伏和风电扶贫投资未考虑配套输配电设施,用以处理生物质废弃物的沼气受季节性温度变化影响运行经济性不佳,为解决上述问题,该文提出利用沼气作为气源含可再生能源的冷-热-电-气多能流农村微能网供能架构,建立相应的多能流微能网调度模型,针对粒子群算法早熟、容易陷入局部最优的问题,提出采用动态调整惯性权重的杂交粒子群算法进行求解,算例结果表明,通过对系统内各设备的调度,有效降低系统日运行成本,在冬季,采用改进型杂交粒子群算法所得日运行费用相比采用基本型粒子群算法降低7.6%,其相比系统未优化所得日运行费用降低79.1%;在夏季,相比基本型粒子群算法与未优化分别降低17.0%、71.2%,实现微能网的经济运行,证明了本模型和算法的正确性。     

银杏HDR基因的克隆与功能分析（摘要）（英文）

[目的]获得银杏HDR基因的克隆并研究HDR基因的功能。[方法]采用RT-PCR技术获得银杏HDR的全长cDNA,命名为GbHDR（GenBank登录号：DQ364231）,该基因cDNA全长为1 827 bp,包含1 425 bp的开放阅读框,编码474个氨基酸残基的蛋白;并构建GbHDR的原核表达载体pTrcGbHDR,与原核表达载体pAC-BETA共转入大肠杆菌XL1-Blue,获得β-胡萝卜素工程菌。[结果]克隆基因实际长度为1 441 bp的GbHDR基因,该序列包含1 425 bp的HDR基因ORF,编码474个氨基酸残基的蛋白,其预测分子量为53.2 kD,等电点预测为5.76。功能互补分析表明,GbHDR能推动工程菌XL1-Blue ＋pTrcGbHDR＋pAC-BETA超量表达β-胡萝卜素,在颜色互补平板上呈现β-胡萝卜素特有的橘黄色,证实GbHDR具有典型的HDR基因功能。[结论]获得1株可高量积累β-胡萝卜素的大肠杆菌工程菌,为最终实现β-胡萝卜素代谢工程提供侯选基因和作用靶点。